textures are used a lot in 3d programs to cover or 'skin' a 3d object. i suppose they're used in 2d programs, too. so, if you made a wireframe object in a 3d editor and then wanted to cover the frame with something, you'd use a picture of a something. so, if you made a wireframe of a chair, all you'd see would be that wire frame, the outline. if you wanted the chair to be a wooden chair, you would cover the frame with a wood texture. it can get a little more complicated than that, but that's the simplest understanding of it.
FF makes two types of filters, textures and effects. textures are used as i've stated, more or less. effect filters create an effect of some kind on another image. a texture stands alone and is simply whatever it is, but an effect filters alters in some way another image. thus, if you had a photo of a dog, you might apply an effect filter which turned the dog green or another that made the photo look like an oil painting and so on.
and, i seem to recall that there are some exceptions to all this, but that's the basics.
If wishes were horses... there'd be a whole lot of horse crap to clean up!
Craig